Densidad mineral ósea en adultos: Una revisión sistemática sobre las técnicas de medición

Background: As age progresses, the skeletal system undergoes structural modifications, which affect muscle mass (sarcopenia) and bone mass (osteopenia), so it must be evaluated periodically. The objective was to identify the anatomical regions that are most used in the evaluation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in older adults (AM) through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), controlling the performance of physical activity. Methods: A systematic review study was conducted, using the PUB MED and SCOPUS databases. The key words for the information search were: aging, elderly, bone mineral density, physical activity, bone health. The period of years 2016-2020 was considered. Results: 12 primary studies were identified; 9 studies reported the use of Lumbar Spine (LS) and Femoral Neck (FC) to assess BMD as reference points, in addition to 5 studies that have used Total Body (TC) and CF. As for the control of Physical Activity (PA), 7 have used accelerometers and 5 self-report questionnaires. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate BMD in AM, whose anatomical points preferred by the studies are CL and CF.