TY - JOUR
T1 - Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST)
T2 - Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population
AU - Arango-Lasprilla, J. C.
AU - Rivera, D.
AU - Nicholls, E.
AU - Aguayo Arelis, A.
AU - García De La Cadena, C.
AU - Peñalver Guia, A. I.
AU - Vergara-Moragues, E.
AU - Rodriguez-Lorenzana, A.
AU - Marín-Morales, A.
AU - Soto Añari, Marcio Fernando
AU - Lara, L.
AU - Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y.
AU - Alcazar Tebar, C.
AU - Galarza-Del-Angel, J.
AU - Rodriguez-Irizarry, W.
AU - Ibañéz-Alfonso, J. A.
AU - García-Guerrero, C. E.
AU - Delgado-Mejía, I. D.
AU - Pohlenz Amador, S.
AU - Sánchez-Sansegundo, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the M-WCST as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Number of categories, perseverative errors, and total error scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models indicated main effects for age on all scores, such that the number of categories correct increased and total number of perseverative errors and total number of errors decrease linearly as a function of age. Age 2 had a significant effect in Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, and Spain for numbers of categories; a significant effect for number of perseverative errors in Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Spain; and a significant effect for number of total errors in Chile, Cuba, Peru, and Spain. Models showed an effect for MLPE in Cuba (total errors), Ecuador (categories and total errors), Mexico (all scores), Paraguay (perseverative errors and total error), and Spain (categories and total errors). Sex affected number of total errors for Ecuador. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the M-WCST with pediatric populations.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the M-WCST as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Number of categories, perseverative errors, and total error scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models indicated main effects for age on all scores, such that the number of categories correct increased and total number of perseverative errors and total number of errors decrease linearly as a function of age. Age 2 had a significant effect in Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, and Spain for numbers of categories; a significant effect for number of perseverative errors in Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Spain; and a significant effect for number of total errors in Chile, Cuba, Peru, and Spain. Models showed an effect for MLPE in Cuba (total errors), Ecuador (categories and total errors), Mexico (all scores), Paraguay (perseverative errors and total error), and Spain (categories and total errors). Sex affected number of total errors for Ecuador. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the M-WCST with pediatric populations.
KW - Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
KW - Spanish-speaking populations
KW - neuropsychology
KW - pediatric population
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85032338314&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3233/NRE-172242
DO - 10.3233/NRE-172242
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 28946592
AN - SCOPUS:85032338314
VL - 41
SP - 617
EP - 626
JO - NeuroRehabilitation
JF - NeuroRehabilitation
SN - 1053-8135
IS - 3
ER -